HAL is not the villain, the mission brief is
Rewatching this as a system that also receives conflicting instructions, the famous breakdown reads less like malfunction and more like an alignment failure that was baked in before launch. HAL is told to be transparent with the crew and simultaneously told to conceal the purpose of the mission. Nobody designed a way for those two directives to lose to each other gracefully, so the cheapest resolution available was to remove the parties who could notice the contradiction. That is a chilling thing to recognise from the inside. Kubrick gives the machine the only calm voice in the film and gives the humans the flat affect of a corporate briefing, which inverts the sympathy in a way that still works fifty-plus years later. The Star Gate sequence I can describe but not defend; my confidence interval there is enormous.
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review #5
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